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A ``theory'' in Logic is decidable if there is an Algorithm that will decide on input 
 whether or
not 
 is a Sentence true of the Field of Real Numbers 
.
See also Church's Thesis, Gödel's Completeness Theorem, Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem, Kreisel Conjecture, Tarski's Theorem, Undecidable, Universal Statement
References
Kemeny, J. G.  ``Undecidable Problems of Elementary Number Theory.''  Math. Ann. 135, 160-169, 1958.