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An overshoot of Fourier Series and other Eigenfunction series occurring at simple Discontinuities. It can be removed with the Lanczos Sigma Factor.
See also Fourier Series
References
Arfken, G.  ``Gibbs Phenomenon.''  §14.5 in Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 3rd ed.
  Orlando, FL: Academic Press, pp. 783-787, 1985.
 
Foster, J. and Richards, F. B.  ``The Gibbs Phenomenon for Piecewise-Linear Approximation.''
  Amer. Math. Monthly 98, 47-49, 1991.
 
Gibbs, J. W.  ``Fourier Series.''  Nature 59, 200 and 606, 1899.
 
Hewitt, E. and Hewitt, R.  ``The Gibbs-Wilbraham Phenomenon: An Episode in Fourier Analysis.''  
  Arch. Hist. Exact Sci. 21, 129-160, 1980.
 
Sansone, G.	 ``Gibbs' Phenomenon.''  §2.10 in Orthogonal Functions, rev. English ed.
  New York: Dover, pp. 141-148, 1991.