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In the original formulation, a quantity associated with ideal class groups.  According to Chevalley's formulation, a
Grossencharacter is a Multiplicative Character of the group of Adéles
that is trivial on the diagonally embedded 
, where 
 is a Number Field.
References
Knapp, A. W.  ``Group Representations and Harmonic Analysis, Part II.''  Not. Amer. Math. Soc. 43, 537-549, 1996.