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``Calculus of Variations in the large'' which uses nonlinear techniques to address problems in the Calculus of
Variations. Morse theory applied to a Function 
 on a Manifold 
 with 
 and 
 shows
that every Cobordism can be realized as a finite sequence of Surgeries.  Conversely, a sequence
of Surgeries gives a Cobordism.
See also Calculus of Variations, Cobordism, Surgery