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The illusion that the two ends of a straight Line Segment passing behind an obscuring Rectangle are offset when, in fact, they are aligned.
See also Illusion, Müller-Lyer Illusion, Ponzo's Illusion, Vertical-Horizontal Illusion
References
Burmester, E.  ``Beiträge zu experimentellen Bestimmung geometrisch-optischer Täuschungen.''  Z. Psychologie 12,
  355-394, 1896.
 
Day, R. H. and Dickenson, R. G.  ``The Components of the Poggendorff Illusion.''  Brit. J. Psychology 67, 537-552, 1976.
 
Fineman, M.  ``Poggendorff's Illusion.''  Ch. 19 in The Nature of Visual Illusion.
  New York: Dover, pp. 151-159, 1996.